EdZola
Philanthropy & foundations playbook

Funding many organisations is a different job from running one programme. Your system should show the portfolio, not just the grants.

A family foundation, a pooled fund, a community foundation and an intermediary funder all manage many partners at once. They need to decide, monitor and learn across them without burying anyone in reporting. This playbook helps you find your model, the information your team needs and the smallest useful system to begin with.

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Six common operating models

Find the funding model closest to how your work actually runs.

Many organisations combine two or three. Start with the closest match, then borrow only the parts that solve a real problem.

Model 01

Grant-making foundation

You fund a portfolio of nonprofits through open calls or invitation, and manage each grant through its lifecycle.

Usually organised around
Applicants, grants, tranches, reports, site visits and renewals.
Watch for
Reporting burden grows faster than learning. Ask only for what you will use.
Start with
Grant record, tranche schedule and reporting calendar.
Model 02

Strategy-led portfolio

You fund toward a defined goal across several partners, places or themes, and judge the portfolio as a whole.

Usually organised around
Strategies, themes, grantees, indicators and contribution to a shared outcome.
Watch for
Grantees measure differently. Roll-ups need agreed definitions, not forced ones.
Start with
Strategy map, indicator dictionary and a grantee-to-outcome link.
Model 03

Pooled and collaborative fund

Several funders put money into one vehicle, and a lead or intermediary manages the grantees.

Usually organised around
Funders, contributions, allocations, grantees and per-funder reporting.
Watch for
Each contributor wants their own report from the same data, under their own rules.
Start with
Contribution ledger, allocation record and per-funder views.
Model 04

Intermediary and re-granting

You receive funds and pass them to smaller organisations, often with capacity support and compliance checks.

Usually organised around
Sub-grantees, due diligence, sub-grants, compliance and capacity support.
Watch for
Compliance flows down from your own funder. Track it for each sub-grantee.
Start with
Sub-grantee register, due-diligence checklist and sub-grant reports.
Model 05

Community and donor-advised giving

You manage donors' funds and help them give, locally or across borders.

Usually organised around
Donors, funds, recommendations, grants and acknowledgements.
Watch for
Donor privacy and tax receipts differ by country. Keep relationships and money apart.
Start with
Donor and fund record, recommendation workflow and grant register.
Model 06

Impact investing and outcomes funds

You fund against results, through loans, equity or payments tied to outcomes.

Usually organised around
Investees, milestones, outcome verification, repayments and returns.
Watch for
Payment depends on verified outcomes, so the evidence must be audit-ready.
Start with
Milestone and outcome verification record linked to payments.

Not sure which one you are? Bring one tracker and describe a normal month. The model usually becomes clear quickly.

Sound familiar?

Your portfolio runs on good people and scattered files.

These come up in almost every first conversation we have with foundation teams.

"Our grantees send us forty different reports."

Each grant has its own template, so comparing two partners means rebuilding both by hand.

Head of programmes
"A programme officer left, and so did the history."

Why we funded them, what we promised and what went wrong sat in one person's inbox.

Foundation director
"The board wants one number for the portfolio."

Grantees count different things, so the total adds up to something we cannot defend.

Head of learning
"Our grantees spend more time reporting than doing."

We ask for everything because we do not yet know what we will use.

Programme officer
One worked lifecycle · from first call to closeout

Six stages every grant passes through, and what each one needs to remember.

Funding models differ, but most grants follow this path. Use it to see where your records should connect and where they usually break.

Stage 01

Source and select

Open calls, invitations and referrals, then a first screening.

The record
Organisation profile, application, scoring and decision notes.
Watch for
Scoring from memory. Keep the criteria and the reasons on the record.
Stage 02

Due diligence

Check legal status, governance, finances and safeguarding.

The record
Registrations, audited accounts, policies, risk rating and who checked.
Watch for
Asking every applicant for everything. Match the depth to the grant size and risk.
Stage 03

Agree and disburse

Grant agreement, budget and tranche schedule.

The record
Agreement, conditions, tranches, bank details and approvals.
Watch for
Payments released before conditions are met.
Stage 04

Monitor and support

Reports, calls, site visits and capacity support.

The record
Milestones, indicators, visit notes, risks and follow-ups.
Watch for
Reports nobody reads. Collect only what a decision needs.
Stage 05

Learn across the portfolio

Compare grantees, themes and strategies.

The record
Indicators, narratives and evidence, linked to your strategy.
Watch for
Roll-ups that add unlike things together.
Stage 06

Renew or exit

Decide on renewal, scale-up or closeout.

The record
Results, utilisation, learning, the closeout report and lessons.
Watch for
A grantee drifting out with no closing conversation.
Build your sector playbook

Choose the parts you need, not a giant system all at once.

Choose the parts that match how your foundation actually works. Most funders need a focused combination, not every module.

Grantee and applicant records

One profile per organisation across calls, grants and years, with due-diligence status.

Grant agreements and tranches

Budgets, conditions, instalments, approvals and amendments.

Reporting calendar and templates

Due dates, reminders and templates sized to the grant, with grantees reporting in one place.

Portfolio and strategy views

Grants by theme, place and strategy, with indicators linked to outcomes.

Indicators and evidence

A shared dictionary, with what grantees report kept apart from what has been verified.

Currency, compliance and contributors

Multi-currency grants, foreign-funds rules and per-contributor reporting where funds are pooled.

Questions the system should answer

Useful on an ordinary workday

  • Which grants are due for a report or payment this month?
  • What is the portfolio funding, by theme and place?
  • Which grantees are at risk, and what have we done about it?
  • What have we learned that changes our next call?
Measures worth seeing together

Money beside results

  • Money out against milestones met
  • Grantee-reported results beside verified results
  • Reporting burden for each grantee
  • Time from application to decision
  • Renewal and exit outcomes
Keep people in charge

Boundaries to agree before build

  • Funding and rejection decisions stay with people
  • Risk ratings explain themselves and never auto-reject
  • Smaller organisations are not disadvantaged by heavier forms
  • Grantees can see and correct their own data
Go deeper · how funders really work

What changes when you fund many organisations, not run one.

A foundation, a pooled fund and an intermediary all manage many partners at once. These short reads cover what to collect and protect, what to connect to, what goes wrong and what success means for funders.

Five short reads. Open the ones you need.
01Data that mattersSee across many partners without asking each one for everything

Rule of thumb. A foundation needs to see across many partners without making each one report on everything. Collect what a decision needs, agree definitions with grantees, and keep what grantees report apart from what you have verified.

Collect: it earns its place

  • One profile per organisation, across yearsApplications, grants, reports and conversations on one record, so history survives staff changes.
  • Grant terms and tranchesAmount, currency, conditions, schedule and approvals, with every amendment logged.
  • A small shared indicator setA few measures defined with grantees and linked to your strategy, not a new form for each grant.
  • Reported and verified, kept apartWhat a grantee says, what you saw on a visit, and what a third party confirmed.
  • Decision notesWhy you funded, declined, renewed or exited. This is the memory your portfolio needs.

Handle with care

  • Applicant due-diligence filesFinancials, governance and risk notes. Restricted to the team that decides.
  • Grantee bank and payment detailsVerify once, restrict to finance and log every change.
  • Safeguarding and whistleblowing reportsThese need a confidential channel and named owners, apart from grant files.
  • Beneficiary stories and photosConsent sits with the grantee. Use masked or aggregate versions by default.

Leave out, or think twice

  • Beneficiary-level data from every granteeMost funders can neither protect it nor use it. Ask for aggregates unless an evaluation needs more.
  • A custom report format for each grantReporting burden rises and comparison gets harder. Agree a core template.
  • Scores that decide on their ownA risk or scoring model should inform a person and never reject an applicant.
  • Rolling up unlike indicatorsAdding unlike measures gives a number that looks precise and means nothing.
02Systems you connect toRegisters, foreign-funds rules and grant data standards
Grantee registration and statusIs the organisation what it says it is?
India, for exampleNGO Darpan, 12A and 80G registrations, CSR-1 for corporate funds
ElsewhereCharity and nonprofit registers, such as the UK Charity Commission or the US IRS exempt-organisation list
Cross-border funds complianceRules attach to the money, not the programme
India, for exampleFCRA registration and annual returns for foreign contributions
ElsewhereCross-border giving rules, such as equivalency determination and expenditure responsibility in the US
Grant data standardsSo your data can be compared and published
India, for exampleNGO Darpan unique IDs, used by many funders
Elsewhere360Giving (UK), IATI for international development funding, Candid profiles
Indicator and outcome frameworksA shared language with grantees
India, for exampleSDG-aligned indicators, plus national and state data
ElsewhereSDG indicators, IRIS+, and sector frameworks agreed with your grantees

Rules differ by country and by the source of the funds. We confirm what applies to you in the first conversation, and we use the equivalent in your country.

03Risks and safeguardsFour things that go wrong, and how the build prevents them

Reporting burden crowds out the work

What goes wrongEvery grantee fills a different long form and nobody reads most of it.

How it is designed outA short core template, extra fields only where a decision needs them, and grantees can see what happened to their reports.

Portfolio numbers that add up to nothing

What goes wrongUnlike indicators are summed into one impact figure.

How it is designed outRoll-ups only for agreed definitions. Everything else is shown side by side, with context.

Grantee data shared beyond what was agreed

What goes wrongA co-funder or consultant receives raw partner data.

How it is designed outSharing rules set for each grant, contributor-specific views in pooled funds, and an access log.

Decisions rest on one person's memory

What goes wrongA programme officer leaves and the reasons behind a grant go with them.

How it is designed outDecision notes, conversations and visit records sit on the grantee's record, visible to the team.

04What success looks likeThe same portfolio, three different questions

Funders at the same table ask different things of the same data. Start from the question the person will ask.

Programme officer
Which grantees need a call this month, and what did we agree last time?
  • Reports and payments due
  • Open follow-ups
  • Risk flags and actions

Watch outA dashboard of grants says little about the relationship.

Trustees and leadership
Is the portfolio moving us toward our goal, and what should we change?
  • Funding by strategy
  • Outcomes beside spend
  • Learning that changed a decision

Watch outSumming unlike indicators gives a number nobody can interpret.

Grantee partner
What do you need from us, why, and what happens to it?
  • One reporting calendar
  • Reuse of what we already sent
  • Time spent reporting

Watch outHeavier forms for smaller organisations make funding less fair.

05Language and calendarTerms funders use, and a typical funding year

Words you will hear

Portfolio
The set of grants a funder manages together, often grouped by strategy, theme or place.
Tranche
One instalment of a grant, released when conditions are met.
Trust-based philanthropy
An approach that lightens reporting and gives grantees flexible, multi-year funding.
Theory of change
The reasoning from activities to outcomes. It decides which indicators matter.
Contribution, not attribution
Showing a grant helped cause a result, without claiming it caused the result alone.
Due diligence
Checks on an organisation's legal status, governance, finances and safeguarding before funding.
Re-granting
Passing funds to smaller organisations, often with capacity support.
Closeout
The final report, spend check and conversation that ends a grant.

The programme year

  • Jan to MarBoard and trustee meetings, and grant decisions for the coming year.
  • Mar to AprIndian financial year end on 31 March. Payments, reports and renewals cluster.
  • Sep to OctMid-year portfolio review and learning sessions.
  • Oct to DecOpen calls and applications for next year.

Foundations set their own cycle. Many run an open call once or twice a year, with board decisions a quarter later. We map yours at the start.

How we build it · the MAP approach

We fix the data first. AI comes last, and it's better for it.

Most AI projects stall because the records underneath are messy. So we work in a fixed order.

M
Model

Start with the decisions you need to make.

Every field has to earn its place by helping someone decide something. If nobody uses it, we don't collect it.

  • Connected records for organisation, application, grant, tranche, report, indicator and site visit
  • A shared indicator dictionary agreed with grantees before reporting starts
  • Funds and contributors kept distinct where money is pooled
A
Align

Fit it to how your team and grantees already work.

A system people avoid is worse than a spreadsheet. We design around the grant officer, the finance lead and the grantee.

  • Grantees report in one place, in their language
  • A grant officer, a finance lead and a trustee each see what they need
  • Reminders go out on their own, with a person reviewing exceptions
  • Something useful flows back to grantees
P
Power with AI

Then add AI where it saves real hours.

On clean, connected records, AI can read long documents, draft summaries and flag what needs attention. A person always checks.

  • Summaries of long applications and reports, with sources linked
  • Portfolio themes drawn from grantee narratives and checked by a person
  • A person always decides funding, risk and renewals

Where you start depends on where you are. If your records are already in good shape, we can move to AI quickly. If they are in spreadsheets and inboxes, we start there, and we don't start from zero.

How we work with you

From your first email to a system your team actually runs.

Most systems launch in three to four months. The timeline moves with the number of programmes and roles, how messy the old data is, and how many tools need connecting.

Email us what hurts

Tell us where the work gets stuck today. Spreadsheets, notebooks, WhatsApp groups, all of it.

A 30-minute walkthrough

Free

You show us how the programme runs. We'll tell you straight if you need a new system, a better workflow or nothing at all.

Diagnosis

1 to 2 weeks

We map how your programme works, talk to the people who'll use it, review the tools you use today and hand you a System Blueprint, a clear plan of what we'll build.

Build in stages

6 to 16 weeks

Working screens every 2 to 4 weeks, tested by your field team in your own terms. We clean up your old spreadsheets and move them across.

Launch, then stay

30 to 60 days

Field training and launch, then 30 to 60 days of close support. After that, the system keeps changing as your programmes do.

What we'll need from you

  • A portfolio owner who can make decisions and join a short weekly review
  • Your current forms, trackers and one recent grantee report
  • A few field staff to test screens before launch
  • Access to the tools you want connected

Works with what you already use

We connect to your survey app (SurveyCTO, ODK or Kobo), BigQuery or Postgres, WhatsApp, your accounting software, grant portals and CRM, rather than replacing what already works. Zoho licences sit in your organisation's name, and everything exports whenever you want it.

100+organisations worked with
150+systems built
5+countries
ZohoAdvanced Partner
75%of our work is with nonprofits
Your data, your rules

What 'your data stays yours' actually means.

The questions your finance head and IT lead will ask, answered before the call.

Your account, your licence

Zoho licences are bought in your organisation's name and hosted in the Zoho data centre region you choose, including India. We work inside your account.

Export any time

Every record exports to Excel or CSV whenever you want, including the day you stop working with us. You're not locked in to us for support either.

Access by role

Each person sees only the records their role needs. Applicant due-diligence files and bank details are visible only to the team that decides and the finance lead. Pooled-fund contributors see their own reports, never each other's.

A trail on every change

Edits are logged with who made them and when, so an audit or a funder query doesn't start from memory.

Consent and DPDP

Consent is recorded for each purpose, and we agree up front how long data is kept and when it's deleted. ZolaShield, our DPDP platform, shows where you stand.

AI stays inside your system

AI features run on your records under your account's controls. Partner and beneficiary records never go into public AI tools.

Start with the work, not the software

Tell us how you fund. Bring us one grant tracker.

We'll map how grants move through your team today, identify the smallest useful first version and show where reporting, learning and decisions can share the same information, without forcing your foundation into a generic template.

  • Start with one grant tracker, report template or process that is slowing the team down.
  • The first walkthrough is free and takes about 30 minutes.
  • If budget is tight, ask about the Built for Impact Programme.

Tell us a little about your work.

Four short questions. Plain language is perfect; you do not need to have the solution worked out.

Your details go directly to EdZola’s CRM so our team can respond to this enquiry.

Other sectors we build for

The same approach, shaped to each kind of work.

See all 18 sectors on one page →

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